Self Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Self Study - Essay Example The significance of self-study can't be sabotaged as Shakespeare said† to thine own self be true†. There is a jewel of shrewdness behind that line since self-study uncovers the establishments of a person’s character, values just as ecological components that have enormously affected her viewpoints throughout everyday life. Coming up next is a selection of a meeting of myself done by my associate. Broad communications frequently assumes a huge job in scattering data to society. When gotten some information about my preferred TV shows, books, and characters I answered that I adored sitting in front of the TV shows like â€Å" Sesame Street, Mister Rogers Neighborhood Wonder Woman, Incredible Hulk and the Jefferson’s† as a kid. Obviously, there were numerous healthy shows at that point however the previously mentioned truly fit my taste. The books I have perused were â€Å"Mice and Men† George Orville, 1984, and Aesop’s tales. I cherished these accounts since they were loaded up with Fairy Tales, ethics, and folklore. Truth be told, my preferred characters were the Tortoise and the Hare. I understood an important exercise from the moderate tortoise: trudging alongside assurance will get me to where I need to be in the event that I never surrender. Until today, I remembered that exercise and use it at whatever point circumstances are troublesome, I con tinue on until the end. Another character I loved was Elmo. Until today, I am not sure whether Elmo is male or female, however I do think he is male. The exercises I gained from Elmo were inventiveness, resistance, good faith, and the open door for straightforward delights. In spite of the fact that the media impacts children’s minds, it can't be denied that parent’s are the essential good examples for a developing kid. As indicated by Santrock (1994) : †The data that encompasses the kid and which is disguised goes to the youngster inside the family field through parent-kid communications, job displaying,

Energy Efficiency in Design & Construction Coursework

Vitality Efficiency in Design and Construction - Coursework Example The old and conventional method of developing structure with the assistance of steel and glass are currently viewed as wasteful after adequate exploration around there and new techniques have been built up that can help in sparing vitality essentially (Rosemary, 2006, p. 5). Among every other area, business building part is that segment, which expends the vast majority of the vitality. This is a result of the ever-expanding number of business and open exercises that require an expanding measure of warming, cooling, and cooling. Besides, with the development of data innovation, and the job that it is playing in improved methods for correspondences; it is additionally adding to be one of the most elevated vitality devouring sources. Approaches Energy-Efficient! A portion of the vitality wasteful methods of development incorporate â€Å"investing in customary HVAC (warming, ventilation, and cooling), mercury fume, or halogen lighting, utilizing glass that doesn't avoid heat misfortune and the like† (IEECB 2012, 2012). ... ly and productively, introducing movement sensors in rooms and workplaces that would kill the lights consequently when nobody is in the room and so forth. Following are a portion of the vitality productive methods of structuring and building that can help in controlling a worldwide temperature alteration, yet can likewise spare organizations and inhabitants a large number of pounds (IEECB 2012, 2012). Options in contrast to ventilation, warming and cooling have been discovered that give a similar impact however devour significantly less vitality. For instance, twofold coated windows are an astounding choice to cooling and it prevents the warmth from outside to enter inside. Simultaneously, it likewise goes about as an instrument to cut clamor. Comparative is the situation with minimized bright light bulbs that spare a great deal vitality when contrasted with their old partner, brilliant bulbs. Utilizing warm envelopes is one of the procedures to keep the warmth where it should be. Wa rm envelopes incorporate everything and anything that different the indoor of the house all things considered. This incorporates appropriate protection, divider, and rooftop gatherings, windows and so forth (Crosbie, 1998, p. 14). Utilizing wood for making house is very vitality productive. The houses produced using wood are vitality proficient, yet in addition they are additionally enduring and stable. R-esteem is a significant factor in deciding the force of protection. The protection material with high R-qualities would have higher warmth opposition and in this way are more vitality effective. The quantity of windows and its cautious situation likewise helps in cautiously sparing the vitality and utilizing it effectively. This is on the grounds that windows become a vehicle of losing heat and in an ordinary house, windows lead to roughly 25 percent of warmth misfortune. Along these lines, specialists recommend that in a vitality effective house, there

Does It Matter Where You Go to College

Does It Make a difference Where You Go to College SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Getting into a first class school is getting progressively harder, and numerous understudies (and their folks) place colossal weight on themselves to attempt to do everything they can to get into one of the most lofty universities. They accept that moving on from a top school will permit them to have an increasingly prosperous future. While it’s obvious that world class schools draw in the most noteworthy gauge of understudy, there’s still discussion about whether these universities straightforwardly sway proficient outcomes.So truly, does it make a difference where you head off to college? In this article, I’ll investigate the effect of going to a first class establishment. While it’s very hard to think about the instructive and social effect of one school versus another, we can attempt to decide the impact a particular school has on one’s expert future. highlight picture credit:bluefieldphotos bp/Flickr What Is an Elite College? For the reasons for this article, first class schools are the most specific, esteemed universities in the nation. These universities are viewed as the highest quality level, and that is the reason such a large number of understudies go through long periods of difficult work and stress to attempt to get into these schools. A few instances of tip top schools are the Ivy League schools, MIT, Stanford, and the University of Chicago. In case you're searching for a total rundown, I'd incorporate the main 15 National Universities and the best 5 National Liberal Arts schools in US News on this rundown of worshipped super schools. Why It Does Matter Where You Go to College There are various reasons why heading off to an increasingly esteemed schoolcan advantage your future. Below,I’ll detail probably the most significant advantages of going to a world class school. Remember that I'm concentrating on the potential budgetary and expert advantages of heading off to a top school. Also, first class universities may challenge you all the more scholastically, and you may appreciate encircle yourself with other unfathomably persuaded and effective understudies. Then again, a portion of the classes at top schools may cause you to feel overpowered. You may feel constrained to choose a less thorough major, or you might not have the opportunity to do the same number of extracurricular exercises or have a pleasant public activity. Alumni of Elite Schools Are More Likely to Have Future Financial and Professional Success Most likely, the primary explanation understudies and their folks care about picking up admission to top universities is on the grounds that they accept that going to one of these schools is a pass to future achievement. While it’s hard to demonstrate that setting off to a first class school makes you effective, there’s a solid connection between going to a tip top school and being fruitful. All things considered, moves on from first class schools get more cash-flow, and degrees from numerous world class schools give the best profit for your school speculation. Additionally, while just 2%-5% of all US students move on from top schools, 38% of Fortune 500 organization CEOs and 44.8% of tycoons moved on from world class establishments. Also, of Forbes’s most influential individuals, 55.9% of influential ladies and 85.2% of influential men went to world class schools. Alumni of Top Schools Are More Likely to Graduate Regardless of whether you accept that all professional educations are equivalent, the top schools will in general have the most noteworthy graduation rates. The individuals who go to the most renowned schools are substantially more prone to get degrees. For instance, Harvard’s graduation rate is 98%. Then, the University of Massachusetts Amherst, a fundamentally less particular state school, has a graduation pace of 76%. Cal State Los Angeles, a California State University school, has a graduation pace of 41%. There are various components that may add to the changing graduation rates. The most specific schools just concede top understudies; in this manner, practically the entirety of their understudies have the important inspiration to guarantee that they graduate. Likewise, specific schools, especially particular tuition based schools, may offer more help administrations and direction that bring about higher graduation rates. At long last, a portion of the bigger, less particular state schools have a higher level of low-salary and nontraditional understudies. These understudies face extra deterrents that can keep them from graduating. Low-Income Students May Benefit the Most From Going to a Top School By and large, low-salary understudies have altogether lower graduation rates. Besides, low-salary understudies are almost certain than wealthier understudies to go to a school that is less specific than one they could have joined in. A generally perused investigation verified that, for understudies admitted to first class schools, deciding to go to a to some degree particular school like Penn State over the most specific schools like Harvard didn’t sway future profit for the greater part. In any case, the result of going to tip top schools was more noteworthy for monetarily burdened understudies. Why It Doesn’t Matter Which College You Attend There is certainly a contention to be made that where you head off to college is unimportant. What makes a difference are your abilities, experience, hard working attitude, and that you get an advanced education. Here are a few reasons why it may not make any difference where you set off for college. Heading off to an Elite School Isn’t Essential for Future Professional Success As recently referenced, an examination presumed that understudies who were confessed to top schools and picked to go to less particular schools wound up acquiring as much as their friends who moved on from the top schools. Thusly, you can infer that the main thing isn’t where you go to class yet having the characteristics that make you serious for admission to the top schools. Correspondingly, a Wall Street Journal study found that the glory of a school doesn’t sway future income for some understudies. In particular, the studyconcluded that a school’s renown has an effect on future income for business and aesthetic sciences majors, however there is for all intents and purposes no effect on future profit for STEM majors. Moreover, despite the fact that moves on from the top schools are bound to become CEOs or incredibly well off, most of individuals who do aren’t alumni of world class foundations. Any Advantage of Going to an Elite School May Be Offset by Its Cost Regardless of whether setting off to a top school prompts fairly higher profit, those higher income might be more than counterbalance by the considerably more significant expense of world class private universities. For instance, for the 2015-2016 scholarly year, the assessed cost of participation for a year at Stanford was $65,177. For a California inhabitant, the evaluated cost of participation for UCLA was $32,289. More than four years, that’s a distinction of more than $120,000. Regardless of whether, theoretically, the Stanford degree prompted a yearly pay that was $2,000 more than the UCLA degree, it would take over 60 years of that additional pay just to take care of the additional expense of going to Stanford. Nonetheless, remember that first class private schools commonly offer the most liberal monetary guide. The recorded expense of participation may not be what you wind up paying. Tip top universities aren't modest. End: Does It Matter Where You Go to College? The short answer is that it depends. Fundamentally, it relies upon your objectives and foundation. In the event that you need to become president or a CEO, you might be bound to do as such on the off chance that you go to one of the most world class schools. Thus, a portion of the top Wall Street and counseling firms are known to only recruit representatives who moved on from the most renowned schools. Additionally, alumni of tip top schools have a favorable position in the business world from solid, amazing graduated class systems. Be that as it may, If you need to be a researcher or instructor, there may not be a lot of a bit of leeway, in any event financially, from going to a top school. Then again, the information suggests that understudies from low-salary foundations may profit the most from going to tip top schools and deciding to go to the most particular school that acknowledges them. Moreover, the appropriate response relies upon which schools you’re looking at. The contrast between moving on from Stanford and moving on from UCLA is presumably insignificant, if there’s any distinction whatsoever, according to most businesses and graduate schools. Nonetheless, there’s an a lot bigger distinction among Stanford and Cal State Los Angeles. Once more, you can even now accomplish any expert objective on the off chance that you go to from Cal State Los Angeles, however the graduation pace of Stanford is fundamentally higher, and the normal pay rates of Stanford graduates are considerably higher. Remember that you can move on from any school, and on the off chance that you completely put forth a concentrated effort, you can be an effective CEO, specialist, engineer, or whatever else you seek to be. Additionally, in the event that you go to an Ivy League school and attempt to drift through existence without demonstrating the commitment that got you into a first class school, you're probably going to encounter constrained achievement. What Should You Do? Despite the school you join in, your hard working attitude, character, and fitness will impact your future more than the school you moved on from. Keep up center and continue buckling down, and you’ll give yourself the best chance to arrive at your objectives. Since getting a higher education is without a doubt connected to future achievement, you need to go to a school that’s a solid match for you and your needs so that you’ll be bound to graduate (and likely more joyful!). Discover how to approach looking into and picking a school. Additionally, look into the expert results for understudies who share your experience and graduated with a degree in your planned major. You can utilize destinations like payscale.com and College Scorecard to assist you with your examination. For instance, while the University of Utah is positioned as the fifth best National University in the nation by US News, it’s thought about one of the very bes

The impact of October Crisis of Canada Research Paper

The effect of October Crisis of Canada - Research Paper Example With everything taken into account, the impacts of this war had many adverse ramifications for the individuals of Canada, and particularly Quebec. This article audits the effect of this in Canada and primarily Quebec. On 5thOctober 1970, James Cross, who was a British ambassador, was captured in his home at weapon point. In a couple of hours the individuals from FLQ development admitted to the snatching. They requested for the arrival of their own individuals who were indicted for homicide and brutality. The equity clergyman of Quebec denied these requests. Around the same time the Quebec priest of work and migration, Pierre Laporte, was seized and later killed. This set off the legislature to send the Canadian military to help the neighborhood police in keeping an eye on Canada. They likewise proclaimed the â€Å"apprehend insurrection† under the war estimates act. The highly sensitive situation announced a boycott against the FLQ development and detainment without charges were approved (Tetley, 2006). The Quebec patriots began the FLQ development in 1963 as measure to start a feeling of solidarity in Quebec. The Quebec individuals contained people who utilized French as their first language. This soul of patriotism was authentic from the time France had colonized the locale of North America which is at present alluded to as Quebec. In Quebec most of the individuals were French speakers when contrasted with their number in the remainder of Canada. Therefore, they saw themselves as a detached minority. This inclination to a huge degree pushed this gathering to set up a development that would touchy to their just rights. For example, their compensation was lower than that of the British individuals. In the territory of Quebec, the English Canadian earned 40% percent higher than all other ethnic gatherings (Monrue, 2009). This reinforced the craving to frame an element to battle for their endurance as the administration had neglected to give the equivalent. This was the inception of t his progressive development (Tetley, 2006). The FLQ was begun

Costco Marketing Plan free essay sample

Definition Corporate Objective Costco works participation stockrooms dependent on the idea which offers part low costs on a restricted determination of broadly marked and chose privateâ€label items in a huge scope of product classes which produce high deals volumes and fast stock turnover. Joining the turnover with the working efficiencies accomplished by means of volume buying, effective conveyance and diminished treatment of product in nitty gritty, self-administration stockroom offices permits Costco to work beneficially at altogether lower net edge than customary distributer, mass merchandisers, grocery stores, and supercenters. Utilizing a minimal effort working model, the fast stock turnover rate empowers Costco to offer serious costs from mass buying. 3. 2 Weaknesses Limited item decisions acts like a serious burden to certain buyers who lean toward a consistent shopping experience. This will unfavorably affect the normal spend of Costco buyers. 3. 3 Opportunities Due to the ongoing worldwide downturn, value affectability is the primary worry for customers. This has prompted an upward pattern in mass buying and private name items, which in turns save money on normal basic food item use per family. We will compose a custom paper test on Costco Marketing Plan or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In keeping in general costs low for Costco to support in the serious condition, work of junior staff on easygoing and low maintenance premise is suggested. This thusly will keep wages and compensations lower than the normal retailers when all is said in done. ?Sorts of merchandise requested: Due to expanding training of youthful moms and the developing worry for wellbeing, to take into account this uprising new portion, Costco should concentrate on giving natural products. 5. Explanation of Key Problems and Opportunities Based on the SWOT investigation as appeared above, Costco as a built up brand is recognized as a key quality for the organization. Tragically, as Costco is begun from USA, after entering the Australian market, it is an obscure brand to most customers. This could be a potential soft spot for Costco, in any case, in the wake of investigating the grocery store industry in Australia, it is mirrored that Australian customers are more value touchy as opposed to mark delicate. Given the patterns in the grocery store industry I. e. expanding interest for mass buying because of economies of scale, it has adjusted consumer’s conduct to be less faithful to a brand and increasingly responsive to changes in costs.

Marketing of GPS Application

Marketing of GPS Application Marketing of GPS Application Home›Marketing Posts›Marketing of GPS Application Marketing PostsIntroductionGlobal Positioning System (GPS) application is a satellite navigation method that was developed, controlled and is maintained by the Government of United States. It was developed for military operations but has however been adopted by many civilians who use this application for many purposes. GPS is used as a source of online information to improve global productivity and economy and at the same time improve safety and protection of environment. GPS works by sending radio signals from orbiting satellite to the GPS receivers on earth which collects and further convert the signals into specific positions like street sign and name of the road, time information and velocity.This positions and information are then stored in a Geographic Information System that can be accessed later by users. This information is widely used by intelligence organizations and crime detectives around the world to uncover security threats faced by different nations including accessing terrorism information. GPS therefore becomes a right arm in fighting international insecurity. This product idea of having GPS Application adopted is therefore a welcomed idea that should be embraced by all countries to share economic, environmental, safety and technologically related information to make the world a safer and better place to stay.Executive SummaryThis marketing report   focuses on GPS Application and analyses the situation on the level of application, environmental factors and analysis using Political, Environmental, social and technological (PEST) method on the   impacts of GPS application. This report also analyses the competitors of GPS in terms of their products, strengths and challenges they offer   that needs to be considered to ensure GBS remain a leader in the global  satellite navigation. Identification of the target market is key to the growth of GPS application which is then segmented into different variables like demographic, psychographic and behavioral to be able to satisfy the needs of these entire groups and to be globally accepted.This report also examines the marketing mix that needs to be employed to ensure this information is fully available to the targeted groups around the world. The pricing, placing and promotion of the product are key to the growth as well market positioning of the GPS technology in the minds of many as being the solution to their safety.   In part two of this report, threats and opportunities available for GPS applications is also examined into detail to aid the positioningSituation AnalysisGPS application is a very viable idea that has a number of advantages to the users. The benefits of this application include that it can pick signals from any location with or without internet connection only at a press of a red button for easy access for emergencies, contacts police, ambulance and firefighters after a certain amo unt of time when button pressed.  However brings limitation regarding privacy of nations and individuals since GPS clear identifies and monitors the private activities carried out by individuals. This same technology can also be used by ill minded people or organizations to track and execute their terrorist attacks and threat security (Best 5 GPS Navigation Systems).The success and full adoption of GPS technology application depends on several external environmental forces that needs to be fully incorporated. The major factors    are the political, economical, , social, technological  and environmental   that  impacts (PESTE) either positively or negatively in to the marketing and adoption of this product idea. Politically, the acceptance of GPS depends on how world political elite and the citizens on the target nations perceive the product. Many may vies the idea as a spying tool to their government operations while others as safety provision mechanism. Governments must therefo re be persuaded to see the benefits of the technology. NASA being an American organization, many world leaders are likely to see the GPS application as a way of stamping authority and many who would simply discredit the idea simply because it is American.Economically, GPS will be of great boost to efficiency and safety in the trade since it guarantees accuracy in navigation of flights, maritime and rail transportation of goods around the world since the directions of the destinations are well identified. This helps the vessels not to navigate through the insecure roots as well as increasing the number of trips covered.The social aspect of this product idea involves increased speed in the sharing of information without use of internet. The public will be fully informed of what goes on and the security brought about by the technology.Technology has transformed the world to be a global village making communication, navigation and security measures manageable across the borders. The GPS technology becomes a major boost to world security and efficiency since the orbiting satellite can help specifically locate the position which is a source of insecurity and terrorist attacks to be raided by emergency rescue forces. Protection of environment against degradation and the effects of global warming remain the focus of the metrological parameters of the GPS application that checks the world weather and climate for any unusual occurrence like the Tsunami.Competitive Environment analysisGPS operates in a very competitive environment with many navigation system providers that has aided the vessel navigation over the years. Some of these competitors include GlONASS, Automotive Navigation System, Marine Navigation System, Inertial Guidance System and the Robotic Mapping (NetMBA, Competitor Analysis) that helps pilots and captains to locate their destinations when in the sea or in the air.Direct customers are the Government, aviation companies, navigation organizations, learni ng institution and metrological departments that give weather forecasts. The beneficiary of these services is the public who travel through these vessels and the benefits of safety and trade exchange between nations. The timely reception of signals leads to efficiency in response to natural disasters, fire break outs and insecurity ranging from abductions to terrorist attacks.Company Analysis (strength and weaknesses)NASA organization has over the years been very stable in its operations. This has also trickled down to the GPS application that has strength that the service if provided for free by the U.S government to the whole world. It also commands integrity in providing timely warnings, accuracy in position locations and availability of this system to be used by the navigators in dire need of the directions. This technology has also been accepted by many world over in the search of safety of the flights, naval vessels and trains as well as safety against terrorism. Other strengt hs of this application is that it is not influenced by weather, relatively of lower cost as compared to other navigation systems and 100% coverage of the whole world.GBS however has weaknesses that include; it relies on satellite signals received by radio and at the same time works better in open places than in enclosed places like under water, in tunnels, underground or in large cities with several skyscrapers hence weaker than the cellular phone signals. It may occasionally issue inaccurate signals especially when the satellites in the viewed field are restricted. GPS is fully controlled by the U.S department of defense and this monopoly may make them deny people the usage of the satellite for reasons well known to them.  Customer AnalysisGlobal positioning system is used by people all over the world in all the navigations vessels, flight, trains and automated cars if finding the directions of their destinations. The aviation institutions, navigation bodies, metrological departmen ts, nasal organizations and learning institutions are some of the users of this technology.Market SegmentationThe market segment that is served by this application expects nothing less than safety, accuracy, integrity in the service and efficiency in the service delivery. This segmentation is based on the demographic aspects which involves safety of world population against any threats of insecurity. There is also the behavioral variable that target groups or organizations that behave in a particular suspicious manner to the world security like the terrorist groups under watch GPS.PromotionPromotion involves how customers get to know the products offered. NASA has to put in place an advertising campaign and government lobbying strategies to inform and influence countries to adopt the GPS Applications for world security reasons. This can be through the internet, World Wide Web, government releases and use of iPhone technologies to issue alerts.PositioningThis involves creating the br and to appeal to nationals and make it popular in the minds the people across all borders. Once people are made to understand that their safety is depended on the seriousness they attach to the technology, then many will have GPS application in their mind as the source of international safety. Positioning is achieved through intensive marketing and advertisements run through the mass media that include internet, World Wide Web, television and government releases.

5 Steps in a Full College Book Review Dig into the Work at Hand

5 Steps in a Full College Book Review: Dig into the Work at Hand Most college students find writing book reviews rather difficult than enjoyable. It is supposed to be a thorough description, critical analysis, and evaluation of a book. Students can confuse a book review with a book report or book summary. A book review is not a narration but rather a critical analysis. Book reviews mostly focus on the themes, ideas, relevance, and limitations citing evidence from the book. In general, a college book review should present a clear and detail oriented evaluation of the quality of the book. On average, a book review should be approximately 500-1000 words. However, the word count might differ depending on the complexity and length of the book. How to Write a College Book Review Though different book reviews may vary, when it comes to a tone, style, subject and length they all have the same format. So, the steps that you should take while writing a college book review corresponds to the parts you need to work on. Read and understand a book. After you get the task to write a book review, the first step you’re recommended to follow is to read and understand the book. No additional resources can reveal totally the book content. Understand all the themes in the book and the message the author intended to communicate to the audience. Without taking this step, there is no sense to pass on. Introduce the book and its author to readers. As you understand this part is supposed to be an introduction that includes all the relevant details about the author and his or her book you’re going to analyse the name of the author, the book title and the major theme. Besides, you can add the book edition, the place of publication if this information is mentioned in the book. Give the basic information about a book. This part is called a summary in which you should focus only on the key issues in the book. There is no room for narrating the whole story. In fact, this section should not be more than 200 words. Carry out a critical evaluation. This section is considered to be a main one which is mostly targeted by examiners. Your task is to evaluate and analyze based on the author’s perspective as well as your understanding citing evidence from the book. You are free to critique or even state the limitations of the book if any. Conclude your reading. The conclusion largely depends on the evidence you have presented in the main section. It is also important to note that no new evidence can be presented in the final paragraph. Answer the question if you would recommend the book to others by underpinning your statement. With this practical guideline, writing a book review should be like a walk in the park. And each step will surely bring pleasure to you if only you follow them correctly without skipping. In   case you doubt in writing any part of a book review, you always can be supported by our quick professional help in writing. Our academic writers are ready to deal with a custom book review as required by your instructor. Start meeting academic requirements together with our expert team.

The Applications Of Genetic Engineering - 1897 Words

The applications of genetic engineering; Genetic engineering is involved in the production of insulin Monoclonal antibodies Vaccines Further use in the medicine industry Antihemophilic factors Other drugs Human albumin Human growth hormones which treat infertility The applications of genetic engineering; The use of technology allows genetic engineering to discover new thing in the body like the function and structure of genes. The increased development of technology has allowed plants, microbes and even animals to be genetically modified. Organisms are genetically engineered to discover the functions of certain genes. Other applications include transforming microorganisms such as bacteria cells with a gene coding for a useful protein.†¦show more content†¦For example, when two nucleotides come together to repair the DNA strand by joining together. There are two main types of DNA ligase, the first is found only in prokaryotic cells. The second is found in eukaryotic cells . Furthermore, mammals have four subtypes of ligases that vary in their function; DNA ligase III, this contains a DNA repair protein, called XRCC1, that helps to repair the DNA strand that occurs during nucleotide repair. Eukaryotic DNA ligases are larger than the prokaryotic cells. Therefore DNA ligase has a very important role of assisting with DNA repair and replication. It is an important feature of genetic recombination and w hen it comes to cloning. Ligases have the ability to join any DNA fragments with blunt ends. They can also join DNA fragments with sticky ends, but only if the nucleotides on the strands are complementary. To get complementary sticky ends the DNA fragments to be joined must be cut with the same restriction enzyme. Screening to identify transformed cells- there are many methods of screening that can take place on vectors in the form of positive selection, using a positive selection vector would be a simple option. The use of this will result in a lethal gene being expressed. Another effective method to simplify screening is to use a positive selection vector. An example will be the use of a restriction enzyme that should digestShow MoreRelatedApplication Of Genetic Engineering On The World1606 Words   |  7 PagesApplication of Genetic Engineering on Taro Adam Mohamed 10/23/2015 Introduction The field of genetic engineering is very promising, pertaining to the future of agriculture around the world. Research in this area is allowing for more and more improvements to the various aspects of a crop such as yield, visual quality, taste, nutritional value, disease immunity, and cold resistance, as well as many other benefits. A further understanding of both the genetics of crops and how to influenceRead MoreProcess Of Genetic Engineering Applications1629 Words   |  7 PagesPROCESSES USED IN GENETIC ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS The field of genetic engineering is comprised of multiple different subsets. Some of the specific research subsets of the field include gene therapy, genetic modification, genetic enhancement, and cloning. Gene therapy and genetic enhancement use similar processes to alter specific portions of the DNA, whereas cloning has a more specific method which is different in relation. The basic process of genetic modification will be used as an exampleRead MoreGenetic Engineering : The Technique Of Producing Recombinant Hybrid Dna By Combining Two Different Strands Of Dna1731 Words   |  7 Pagesgroup for their help in improving and reviewing this paper. Finally I would like to thank Abdul Ahad Memon for proof reading my paper. Abstract Genetic engineering is the technique of producing recombinant hybrid DNA by combining two different strands of DNA. The fundamental concept of genetic engineering is gene cloning; the technique of altering the genetic structure of an organism. 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To understand the modern concept over field of the Genetic EngineeringRead MoreGenetic Engineering Research Paper1341 Words   |  6 PagesI. Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the past three decades, scientists have learned how to mix and match characteristics among unrelated creatures by moving genes from one creature to another. This is called â€Å"genetic engineering.† Genetic Engineering is prematurely applied to food production. There are estimates that food output must increase by 60 percent over the next 25 years to keep up with demand. Thus, the result of scientist genetically altering plants for more consumption. The two most common methodsRead MoreGenetically Altering Our Future Essay1402 Words   |  6 Pagescloning and other ‘morally corrupt’ forms of genetic alteration have raised many ethical, religious, and safety-type questions to be considered. These questions and inquires have resulted in a limited amount of federal grants being dedicated towards this growing industry. 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The problems on society include disagreements among different groups of people based on views and opinions. There can economic pro blems when dealing with genetically modified foods. Legislation mainly focuses on HIPAA and the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA). They protect information and prohibit genetic discrimination in health insurance and employment, respectively (â€Å"Genetic Discrimination†)

Naked Vs Nude in Reference to Artwork Essay - 712 Words

There is no difference between the words naked and nude, in my opinion the words are pretty much interchangeable. The only thing that is different is how one interprets the words. A nude or naked body can be represented in a variety of ways. Most people will use the word naked when referring to a body presented in an arousing or sexual way, naked has a raw connotation, whereas many people use the word nude when referring to a body presented in an artistic way, which focuses on the form and shape of the body. I believe that it is the presentation of the naked or nude body that makes the difference, not which word is chosen to describe it. For example, if a strip club uses the phrase all nude dancers one does not†¦show more content†¦Interpretation of what is beautiful is the only variable, if the intention of the artist is to present the nude body in a tasteful and artistic manor; ones interpretation should not vary much due to gender. It is clear that society has a great effect on women and how they look at themselves and what they see is being beautiful. [Women] continue to be identified more with their sexuality and judged more by appearance and according to narrower ideals of beauty. As a result, those without the proper looks or attitude tend to lose out (a href=http://www.contemporaryartproject.com/cap/Othercontent/Portraityoung.htmhttp://www.contemporaryartproject.com/cap/Othercontent/Portraityoung.htm/a). That statement clearly defines the age that we are living in. Society and the media (television, movies, magazines, etc.) portray women as unattractive and unfashionable unless they buy the latest footwear, clothing, fashion, jewelry, make up, hair products, and generally look a certain way. Unfortunately, many women believe that all of these products will help make them beautiful, desirable and attractive. This has had a negative affect on women because they will spend hundreds of dollars on these beauty products, diets, diet pills etc. in hopes to look like what is presented to them on television by supermodels, actresses, and celebrities. Some women may even go as far as to develop

The Atkinson 1984 Flexible Model - 1478 Words

The Atkinson 1984 ‘flexible model’ explain about labour market flexibility and employment restructuring in the 1980s. According to Suzette Dyer Atkinson’s ‘flexible firm’ model provides a framework based on breaking internal hierarchical labour market by creating workforce. The ‘flexible firm’ is a micro-level dual labour market mode, with an inner ‘core’ of stable, skilled employees with access to ‘primary labour market’ conditions of secure employment and career prospects(Warwick Paper in Industrial Relations, 1987). The ‘core’ workforce is said to be made up of highly skilled workers who are able to participate in decision making and are directly employed by an organisation. Such workers are provided with job security and high salaries that reflect skill level and their importance to the organisation. The ‘peripheral’ workforce by contrast are less central (i.e. they are important, bu t not part of the ‘core business’), making them more easily recruitable from the open labour market, and therefore less protected from its competitive pressure(Warwick Paper in Industrial Relations, 1987). The ‘peripheral’ workforce are characterised by low wages, low job security and having little or no autonomy in their work. Atkinson model of ‘Flexible firm’ identifies five types of flexibility that companies seek: functional flexibility, numerical flexibility, location flexibility, financial flexibility, temporal flexibility. Functional flexibility is that employees can be redeployedShow MoreRelatedBenefits And Benefits Of Working Flexibility981 Words   |  4 PagesWorking flexibility is about how flexible work is organized in the workplace so that the organizations and employees benefits. 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Nokia s Analysis Report Comparison - 908 Words

Nokia’s Analysis Report in Comparison to Its Chief Competitors. Nokia currently has three chief competitors: Apple, HTC, and Samsung. All these firms operate in a similar market, offer similar products, and targets similar customers. It should also be noted that Nokia engage in multimarket competition because it competes with these firms in several product and geographic markets (Hitt, Ireland, Hoskisson, 2013). For the purpose of this paper, a competitor analysis will be conducted to assess the present state of Nokia. Figure 1 gives a visual of the information that will be discussed. The financial information is according to Yahoo Finance. Figure1 Finance After analyzing Nokia’s finances compared to its competitors, Nokia’s†¦show more content†¦Nokia plans to invest in HERE, the developments of new products and services needed by telecoms operators, and expanding intellectual property licensing program (Nokia Corporation, 2014). Apple plans to stay committed to offering its user a unique experience through innovative hardware, software and services. The company’s business strategy focuses on differentiation. Designing and developing its own operating systems, hardware, application software, and services, Apple intends to continue providing its customers with superior products and solutions. Apple plan to invest in research and development, marketing and advertising to increase sales and its competitive advantage. As part of its strategy, Apple will continue to grow its platform through the iTunes Store (Apple Inc., 2013). HTC plans to invest in brand awareness, marketing, and sales (HTC, 2013). Its bestselling flagship phone- HTC One has been updated in hopes of enhancing customers’ experiences. They intend to build on the quality of all the things that made the original HTC One a success and get the product into the hands of customer quicker. A Total Quality Management System has been implied by HTC top executive as the new strategy (Business Insider, 2014). Samsung has become known as the fast follower which means they monitor the market and quickly duplicate the products that are gaining traction and make them available for less. Samsung’s late mover strategy has caused some legalShow MoreRelatedCan Nokia Bounce Back?1632 Words   |  7 PagesCan Nokia Bounce Back? Section 1: Introduction This report will investigate the current business situation communications giant Nokia are facing due to their plummet in business stature. It will provide analysis through Porters Five Forces and Internal Analysis into how the former communications giant can recover. Section 2: Company Context Nokia is global company based in Espoo, Finland. 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El-Al Marketing Analysis Free Essays

El-Al Marketing Analysis El-Al Marketing Analysis Table Of Content Chapter 1: Introduction Executive summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 Chapter 2: An overview of the company Overview of the company†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 History†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. We will write a custom essay sample on El-Al Marketing Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now . †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 Definition of the business†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 8 Chapter 3: An analysis of the company’s business environment Firms industry and macro environment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 9 The PEST Model†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 10-12 The industries competitive situation using Porter’s 5 Forces†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 13-15 Market segmentation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦16-17 ELAL’s Attractiveness †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦17 Chapter 4: The Company’s Marketing Overview Mission Statement, Objectives and Values†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 18 Marketing Mix (Four P’s)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 19 SWOT Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 0 ELAL’s main problems†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 21 Chapter 5: Recommendations and Summary Is the Company’s Marketing Mix in – tune with its markets and its objectives?†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 22 Solutions to ELAL’s main problems†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 22 Summary and Conclusions †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â₠¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 23 Appendix 1 – Boeing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 24 Appendix 2 – Code Sharing †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 25 Chapter 1: Introduction Executive Summary 1. ELAL is the leading airline in Israel. In the past it was a government owned company until privatization commenced on 2003. 2. ELAL owned several dozen aircrafts, which are used for international and lately national flights as well. 3. ELAL hires thousands of employees and has several subsidiaries as well. 4. ELAL’s narrative is defined by the ideal of being the number one airline for passengers from and to Israel. ELAL is constantly walking the thin line regarding the political status quo. ELAL maintains its religious crowd by keeping the Shabbat on one hand, and losing potential revenues by doing so. This narrative is implemented in the outline of ELAL’s marketing agenda, ever claiming that it is Israel’s national company and by launching numerous patriotic campaigns. As part of this agenda, ELAL serves kosher food as default. 5. ELAL is in a satisfying financial situation. ELAL is growing constantly; revenues, stock value, ROE and net value are growing in a healthy manner. The company survived impressively the latest financial crises. 6. ELAL prices its flights relatively expensive, offering the passengers non-compromising security, safety and service standards. As part of this agenda, ELAL keeps its technology in a state of the art level, using new and improved American planes. 7. ELAL offers transparent and non-transparent services, such as constant flyer benefits on one hand and code-share agreements on the other. ELAL could â€Å"hide† its disadvantages by exploiting the benefits that globalization offers, with emphasis on international collaboration and offering combined services to its clients such as hotels, car rentals and others. 8. ELAL’s current and future challenges will be defined and influenced by the constant entrance of national and international competitors. ELAL will have to emphasize its advantages, maintain its technological and marketing images. Bibliography http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/El_Al http://www. bizportal. co. il/shukhahon/bizcompbaalsump. shtml? p_id=1087824am p;c_id=1152 http://www. elal. co. il/ELAL/Heasbrew/States/General/ . http://www. elal. co. il/NR/rdonlyres/2D943294-0735-4E30-9C7C-9FCDA40B23E7/0/FactSheet20092final. pdf http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=8nPXttPmNE0 Chapter 2: An overview of the company Overview of the company EL-Al (hereinafter â€Å"the company†) is one of the greatest Israeli symbols. It was one of the most famous trademarks of the small state. The company’s story intertwined with Israel’s origins. The company is operating in a â€Å"national† state of mind, aiming towards patriotic emotions based on the Israeli narrative of pride, safety and security. The company markets and considers itself as a national service provider, submitting itself to the whims and needs of the country. Not once the company has been involved in security or social operations (the joint confidential operation of bringing Ethiopian Jews to Israel), even in the price of losing money (i. e. not flying on the Shabbat), all in order of keeping the image of the national company. The company traditionally operated international flights alone, but lately it operates domestic ones as well. The company’s headquarters and mother- airport are located in Israel’s international airport â€Å"Ben-Gurion†. The company has evolved and changed throughout the years, and has varied its basic definition from a government organization to a private company. The privatization has been complete mid-2000’s (that is less than 50% of company shares are kept in by the government). The 2nd decade of the 21st century will colored by security issues, ever growing competition and the continuation of the privatization process. It will be the first decade in the company’s history that it will have to deal with strong competition over the Israeli customers, since the monopoly is finally over. EL-Al will have to adapt, and has already started, to a ruthless competitive market. This paper will deal with the company’s strategies and marketing agenda and status. History â€Å"EL-AL Israel airways LTD. † was incorporated and became Israel’s official airline company on November 1948. The company was incorporated as a national company fully owned by the government. The company’s fleet was based on second hand American manufactured airplanes. In the first couple of years the company made only commercial passenger flights, and since 1950 it commenced cargo flights as well. The D. N. A of the company was heavily influenced by the political scene in Israel, creating an ongoing non-Sabbath flying and kosher food serving. One more influence that helped to position the company’s image in Israeli society was â€Å"patriotic† and historical flights: bringing Jewish communities to the new states, from Arab countries and India. One memorable flight was the one bringing Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann. In the mid 50’s EL-Al conducted two several actions: transatlantic flights and the purchasing of British airplanes. Later on a purchase of Boeing 707 was made. On 1960, for the first time, EL-Al became profitable. The 60’s were a successful decade for the company, growing from year to year and demonstrating respectable financial figures. The good fortune of the company commenced at the end of the 60’s. Security issues were magnified due to several terrorist attacks. EL-Al took some adventurous decisions, starting with the purchasing of expensive Boeing 747 aircrafts. The latter purchase was too expensive for the short run, as expenses exceeded revenues in a large magnitude. On top of things, due to inner political reasons EL-Al suffered strikes and some other political influences (see chapter). The most outlined event of the 80’s was the collapse of the iron screen, revealing a wide spread bundle of new flight destinations. The 1990’s were a decade of coming changes, as privatization voices started to be heard. These voices were boosted thanks to the uprising charter flights and decreasing numbers of tourists in Israel. Another major negative effect was the 25% increase in fuel prices. The uprising competition and environmental changes forced the company to tend towards the inevitable step of privatization. The privatization of EL-AL commenced in 2003. 15% of the company was offered to buy in the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange. This process continues as more and more shares held by the government were sold to the public. Definition of the business EL-AL is a publicly traded airline company. It is traded on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange (â€Å"TASE†). EL-AL provides international and domestic flights. It also provides shipping services and touristic ones as well. General Details The company owns a 37 aircraft fleet, all manufactured by Boeing (737,747,757,767,777). The company flies to 38 non-stop service destinations worldwide and has 440 weekly departures. The company employs 5,847 workers and is one of the biggest in Israel in that factor. The company has business relationships in the form of code-share agreements () and domestic service tourism providers. The company has a frequent flyer club. The company conducts its financial reports by IAS 34, and has adopted the IFRS international code. The company is owned by several owners besides the public, and some of its owners are investment houses. The full control list is as follows: The company has increased its equity from 2010 q2 to q3 by 51. 65%, its revenues by 12. 57%, ROE by 81. 81% and net income by 186%. Chapter 3: An analysis of the company’s business environment Firms industry and its macro environment The business environment in which ELAL is performing is the civil international aviation arena from and to Israel. Political Environment – The company competes with other 103 flight companies that work within the Israeli territory. ELAL, which started as a governmental company, worked and still working according to the government decision since 1977, this decision, determined that ELAL will not work or fly neither on Shabbat nor on Jewish holidays and therefore it does not fulfill its maximum revenues potential. ELAL is the leading aviation company that works within the Israeli territory flying in and out of Israel. Social Environment – ELAL owns several subsidiary companies, which deal with a variety of complementary goods and services for the aviation world. One its main fields is cheap flight to Europe operated by the subsidiary company – San d’Or, which in 2009 increased its revenues by 2%, comparing to the previous year. Another major field is the food industry provided by the subsidiary company â€Å"Tama†m Burenstein Catering†. This company deals with producing and supplying food to airplanes – controlled by ELAL’s management. ELAL has many more subsidiary companies in the following areas: renting flight supplies, transportation of cargo and maintenance, selling duty free products and converting currencies during its flights. Seasonal changes in this area and the fact that the world is becoming a global village forces ELAL to adjust itself to a hostile and competitive business environment. It obligates ELAL to recognize new niches in the market, following persistency in finding new company skills, improvement in existing ones, and adjusting human resource. These factors can bring ELAL to be a leading company with a competitive advantage that will keep it ahead of its competitors. The PEST Model Political * ELAL, as a governmental company that was privatized (2005) still relies on political decisions affecting its business choices. One of the best examples is that the company was anchored in the Government Companies Law. As a result, there is a consistent political intervention when referring to taking business actions. A few years ago, ELAL had to decide whether to stick with one airplane supplier – the American Boeing (Appendix1) – and to renounce the European airplane supplier – Airbus. After examining the business aspect, it decided to equip itself with the Airbus airplanes due to their more attractive price and cheaper maintenance costs. However, in 2004 the U. S. overnment pressured the Israeli government (ELAL’s owner back then) into working exclusively with Boeing and therefore ELAL did not have any other choice but to do just that. * Until 1992, ELAL flew seven days a week until a political decision was made – to prohibit flying during Shabbat and Jewish holidays. As a consequence, ELAL’s operational time decreased by 15%. In fact, after 2005 when the company w as privatized, it was decided that even though they were no obligated to do so, ELAL would keep the Status-Quo by respecting the Shabbat law (a strategic way to gain religious public adherence). Israel is geographically located in one of the problematic areas in the world, surrounded by hostile Arab countries. As a consequence, ELAL is forced to extend its flying course to its different destinations. The fact that Israel does not have good relations with many countries in the world, limits ELAL’s destinations. Moreover, the delicate security situation in Israel forces ELAL to make excessive security examinations within Israel and overseas. This security policy creates a massive cost to the company. As a result, today ELAL is well-known for its security achievements. Economical * The Global Village – the world is becoming a big global village. People are flying more and more, from and to many places. As a consequence of improvement in financial opportunities and shorter flight duration, they divide their vacations into many small vacations during the year. This economical factor brings to abundance in the financial situation in general and in the flying industry in particular. Nowadays ELAL is focusing on international destinations being affected by the world wide economical changes, such as last financial crisis in 2007. The competition with many other flight companies is growing intensively. ELAL must take action in order not to fail in the competition, usually this means either to lower prices drastically or reducing operating expenses. * There is an ongoing decrease in the incoming tourism for the last decade. Due to security and political situation in Israel, many tourists prefer either to fly with foreign companies or not to fly to I srael at all. According to statistics, in 2009 2M tourists visited Israel, a decrease of 6% from 2008. * Increase in gasoline prices had raised ELAL’s flight tickets prices by 5% to 10%. Social The financial recession was supposed to decrease the financial options to the public and so decrease the amount of Israelis traveling abroad. Nevertheless, there has been a large increase in Israelis travelers overseas at about 10% a year. This fact shows the change in Israeli consumption habits. It seems the Israeli, men and women, have more free time than ever which allows them to plan their leisure time. * The climate in Israel enables worldwide tourism to come to Israel in all seasons. The night life is longer and safer than many other places in the world – tourists who visit Israel enjoy this social freedom. The value of life and death is quite different in Israel due to struggle for survivor. Security and safety are very important and are overvalued by the customers and EL AL has a reputation regarding these issues. * Environmental awareness – *** Today’s social trend is to be green and clean. ELAL collaborates and support many green organizations and encourages youth into creating new green-tech. This promotes ELAL as an environmental friendly company while increasing public’s adherence. * Kosher food – one of ELAL’s largest audiences is the Jewish religious people. Their demand is for kosher food and ELAL is one of the only companies which provide such an option. ELAL is very tolerant to this public and therefore it gives a competitive advantage. Technology * ELAL’s airplane equipment is more sophisticated, its activation is cheaper than ever, expenses are lower and the personal service within the plane technologically wise is a step ahead from many other companies. The race over the heart and pocket of the average customers brings ELAL into a major efficiency while decreasing the market price. ELAL’s website – in the era of internet ELAL began to sell tickets through its website and its entire marketing propaganda took few steps further. In the long run, the website exposes the audience to very important and relevant details that are handier. This obviously minimized the number of flight agents while transforming them into tourist advisors. The revolution of the customer service is relying now on the innovation in technolo gy. This improves the commercial interaction between company and the customer. The industries competitive situation using Porter’s 5 Forces The threat of the entry of new competitors ELAL owns the largest market segment in the Israeli aviation field and therefore it has to create many barriers to eliminate new competitors. The company accomplished that by having full control over a variety of goods and services such as transporting passengers and baggage, a variety of destinations and high security level. There are many factors that make it difficult for other competitors to enter the market: * Initial investment – in order to found a new aviation company, it is necessary to have sufficient capital for buying airplane navy and technological infrastructures. Moreover, there is a large depreciation over the equipment this field. The maintenance of an airplane company can sometimes appear to be luxurious one but not necessarily a profitable one. * Fuel costs – jet fuel costs are 50% out of the operational cost. * Legal barrier – flight companies are responsible for licensing and employees’ training in order to keep the pilots and technicians qualified. * Economic factor- the aviation industry is one of the first to be affected from financial crises and can easily be exposed to bankruptcy. For instance, the last financial crisis in 2007 made major decrease in the tourism industry and therefore the demand for flying decreased and many aviation companies went bankrupted over the world. * Aviation Clubs – in the last decade, aviation companies have created clubs in which encouraged passengers to fly with certain companies by gaining points and getting free tickets to fly within specific companies. This created a huge barrier for new companies which wanted to enter the market. The competition in this field is very intense and competes on passengers’ benefits, flight courses, and variety of destinations and level of service. ELAL’s strategy for combating this competition is: 1. Flexibility in scheduling flights according to different seasons and international events (holidays, Olympic Games, sport events, high season-low season, etc. ) 2. Increasing flight frequencies to popular destinations by increasing the number of co-sharing flights (cooperation with other companies). 3. A consistent improvement of services within the flight, especially the comfort of the seats, quality of food and entertainment during flights. Most of the focus goes to First Class. 4. Frequent flyer club – ELAL has found a club in which it compensates its member with highly valued benefits like seat-upgrading, flight tickets discounts, etc. 5. Promoting them through worldwide advertisement. The bargaining power of customers (buyers) The customer thrives to push prices down and quality of services up. The power of the customer depends on the added value he gives to the company. The option to choose from a large variety flight companies is a threat to ELAL. A constant recession can decrease the loyalty of one customer to a certain aviation company because some other companies will offer lower prices. In this case, he will obviously choose the cheaper company to fly with. The bargaining power of suppliers The bargaining power of suppliers is different from the bargaining power of the customers. The suppliers push prices up while decreasing quality of their products and services. ELAL is very much affected from the competition existing in the field and depending on its suppliers that would make it difficult for ELAL to maintain the level of their service quality and competitive prices. Many of ELAL’s suppliers have exclusivity in their field and the knowledge that they have, made them powerful against ELAL. The fact that many of ELAL’s suppliers are also it subsidiaries, increases its profitability and neutralizes the bargaining power of these suppliers. However, the aviation field has two main suppliers (that are not subsidiaries to ELAL): jet fuel suppliers and airplanes suppliers. In Israel there are only a few jet fuel suppliers whereas abroad the suppliers are many, and the decision of buying fuel from one supplier depends on price and not on an exclusive supplier. Aviation companies in Israel have a weak bargaining power against fuel suppliers as a consequence of political issues that affect the price of fuel. There are two main airplane suppliers in the world – the American Boeing and the European Airbus. ELAL has on its behalf airplanes made by Boeing only, as we mentioned before due to American pressure over the Israelis in the days when the company was owned by the government. This kind of relationships between governments created a dependency on one supplier with a high level of bargaining power in a market which is limited in the first place. The threat of substitute products or services ELAL offers its customers a variety of permanent destinations all over the world. Moreover, through its subsidiary San D’or, ELAL offers a variety of flights to seasonal destinations flying on weekends and holidays. Goods and services given in parallel fields are called substitute products. These products have a major power influencing management decisions due to the possibility the customer will decide to put his money in another company (in another substitute product). A substitute can demolish a company. A substitute product for Aviation Company like ELAL is the low cost aviation companies as EasyJet, Arkia Express, etc. These companies reduce flight ticket’s prices (30-50 Euro) by charging only for the flight itself and any other service is being paid extra (luggage, food, drinks, etc. ). ELAL invests millions of dollars in a good and full service that will bring its customers to their destiny. The price factor sometimes defeats the comfort and the quality of service and leads to harming ELAL profitability. The intensity of competitive rivalry The aviation industry has many leading companies all over the world, where each one strives to have a significant differentiation which will attract customers’ hearts and pockets and enlarge their market segment. Barriers to exit – ELAL have â€Å"code sharing† with many foreign airlines (Appendix2). As a result, it has full access to internal information of these companies, which enables it to know about the activity of its competitors. Similarly, ELAL’s delicate information is accessible for its competitors. If ELAL decides to breach the code-sharing with the other companies, its future is doomed (ELAL may decide the barriers to exit are too significant and will be forced to continue the code-sharing). As previously mentioned, ELAL has many share-codes with foreign airline which its customers and employees can fly with (with same conditions they would have got from ELAL). This corporation provides full accessible information of flight and price on-line. This accessibility improves ELAL profitability. Target Market Potential Market Addressable Market Target Market Potential Market Addressable Market Total Market Total Market Market segmentation Macro segmentation Total Market – A group of people sharing the same characteristics that cause them to have similar needs – to fly from one place to another. Potential Market – Men and women, all ages, with no prohibition to fly (pregnancy, heart patients, etc. ), who want to fly from one place to another. Addressable Market – Men and women, all ages, with no prohibition to fly (pregnancy, heart patients, etc. ), who want to fly from and to Israel. Target Market – Men and women, all ages, with no prohibition to fly (pregnancy, heart patients, etc. ), who want to fly from and to Israel and can afford it. People who live geographically close to ELAL’s destinations. Micro segmentation – potential audience Business * Age: 30-70 years old. Occupation: Business men and women who have international businesses. * Lifestyle: Usually â€Å"Frequent Flyer† members who fly on behalf of their companies. A population who usually flies in Business and First Class. Pleasure * Age: 13to 18: family trips; 21 to 30: backpacking, vacations and trips. * Occupation: Students and families. * Lifestyle: Due to the variet y of ages in this segment, there are all kinds of lifestyles (with average+ income). Religion The Jewish religious businessmenfamily members from all over the world choose to fly ELAL due to its policies regarding kosher food and respecting Shabbat. This is a very dominant sector among ELAL customers and therefore ELAL treats this segment with delicacy and tries to be as religious oriented as possible. ELAL strives to be as least mass marketed as possible by approaching its different segments that we mentioned separately. Nevertheless, its last commercial advertisement with Omri Casspi, approaches all three segments by arousing the sense of Zionism among all. This is an emotional commercial which emphasizes that ELAL is the leading national airline in Israel. ELAL’s Attractiveness ELAL is in the business of civil international aviation arena from and to Israel. It is quite straight forward that the overall industry attractiveness does not apply that every firm in the field will return the same profitability. Firms are able to apply their core competence, businesses model to achieve a profit above the industry average. After examining Porter’s five forces, we analyzed ELAL’s attractiveness within its industry. Backward vertical integration: dealing with supplier bargaining power ELAL acted wisely when buying most of its suppliers and neutralizing their power. However, when considering the industry, most of the money is in the jet fuel industry and airplane suppliers. If ELAL could buy these suppliers, it would have a huge competitive advantage among its competitors. Nowadays, ELAL does not have the means to buy such companies (like Boeing) and we would not suggest doing so. Forwards vertical integration: Nowadays, ELAL does not â€Å"control† its customers but rather the customers choose ELAL. ELAL has the option of buying tourists companies (such as Ista), online purchasing flying tickets companies (such as netravel. com). By doing so, ELAL can increase its profitability and customer flow. The fact that tourist-agencies are becoming old-fashioned, more and more people are buying flight ticket via websites, ELAL could create a significant competitive advantage by buying these sites. This would obviously make ELAL more attractive above the industry average. Horizontal integration: As we mentioned in the threat of substitute products or services, ELAL main threat is the low-cost companies that offer cheaper prices by offering only the flight itself with no additional services. This â€Å"product† is targeted to a segment which ELAL has not addressed yet. These clients seek for short flights within Europe or the U. S. with the most attractive price. Nowadays ELAL does not offer such product and by merging with such low-cost company, they would probably increase its profitability and addressed a new unutilized market segment. Chapter 4: The Company’s Marketing Overview Mission Statement, Objectives and Values ELAL has set many targets, which the main one is to operate as an integral part in the global aviation competitive world, while keeping its uniqueness as an international airline company of Israel. In addition, ELAL is defining the following goals: 1. Uncompromising level of service 2. First priority – safety and security of the passengers 3. Investing in its employees – high level of training, focus on their welfare in order to promote the company’s success. Happy employees = successful company. 4. Promoting profitability by innovation and initiative, maximizing shareholders’ wealth. 5. Be an integral and significant company in the international aviation world, while keeping it uniqueness as the Israeli national leading airline. 6. Prioritizing the destinations according to profitably and customer demand. 7. Maintaining only new airplanes. . Efficiency and saving – retirement plans, reducing the number of offices overseas. ELAL defined the aforementioned goals as part of â€Å"ELAL’s 2010 project† and is going to achieve these goals by implementing its vision. ELAL’s vision * To lead the aviation market in Israel and to be the first choice for all customers traveling to and from Israel. * To be a winning, profitable and successful commercial company that excels in all areas of activity. * To provide the highest level of uncompromised quality service, for the benefit of its customers, employees and share holders. Marketing Mix (Four P’s) The marketing mix is the combination of several techniques that are bring used in order to achieve marketing strategy and goals. Product * Products – ELAL offers the service of national and international flights. * Variety of products – Different levels of services – Economy class, Business class and First. * Services – ELAL is very service oriented. It offers its client a high level of service starting even before flight: purchasing tickets online, express online check in, luggage pick up, duty free on board, lounge and Frequent Flyer Club. Pricing ELAL does not attempt to be a low cost company and therefore its prices cannot compete with such companies but rather with full service flying companies. It is known that ELAL’s tickets are not cheap but whoever chooses to fly with ELAL knows he will get a return on his money. * Frequent Flyer members receive free upgrades and free ticket according to their mileage. * ELAL â€Å"spontany† – a new service ELAL offers is the last minutes flights with lower prices. This is oriented for spontaneous people who don’t want to settle for service but do not want to spend much on the ticket. Promotion * ELAL promoted itself via a various media means – TV commercials, outdoor adds, Newsletters for its club members, collaboration with credit card companies which offer ELAL’s points * ELAL promotes itself as the national Israeli airline by being the official transporting airline to public organizations (like the Israeli football delegation) and well known personalities (like the President). Place * ELAL’s destinations are wisely chosen according to demand. It operates in international and principal airports accessible to many other destinations. SWOT Analysis Strength * A variety of services and goods (â€Å"Fun Day†, â€Å"ELAL Spontany†) that enables to attract many segments in the market. * ELAL is an international brand in the field of security and safety. * Kosher food and respecting Shabbat. * Many corporations with other international airlines. * Only one airplane supplier. | Weaknesses: * Does not operate on Shabbat and on holidays. * Unstable security situation in Israel reduces number of customers. * High prices relatively to the market. * ELAL does not maintain constant collaboration with agencies abroad and loses potential market. Geographically Israel is located between hostile countries which extends the flight courses and enlarge the duration of the flights, increase fuel expenses, etc. | Opportunities * ELAL e-ticket purchased online saves time and money and enlarges potential clients. * ELAL’s high reputation reduces advertisement expenses. * ELAL’s website is a commercial platform which reduce s advertisement expenses. | Threats * Low cost companies offering cheap flying tickets. * As the Israeli national airline, ELAL is exposed to terror attacks on its airplanes. * The increasing prices of fuel| ELAL’s main problems Keeping the Status Quo – ELAL does not operate on Shabbat and holidays. The company loses 15% of operational time due to its commitment to the status quo which allows other companies to enjoy ELALs customers. Expending variety of services – ELAL is exposed to a severe competition with low-cost companies. Such companies offer flights with no other extra services, airplane as an transporting mean and no more than that. Chapter 5: Recommendations and Summary Is the Company’s Marketing Mix in – tune with its markets and its objectives? We find the company’s marketing mix in tune. The company provides its products in relatively high prices. Following the latter, the prices are a derivative of security and social aspects as described. The company pays relatively high salaries in order to obtain the level of service. Although privatized, the company maintains its objective to be the â€Å"national company† of Israel, first by slogans and continued by ads and commercials: i. e. the latest commercial staring NBA player Omri Casspi, who is, as ELAL wants to be, a national pride and patriotic icon. ELAL has a much focused hub-oriented hub airport destinations, which are by definition very attractive ones. Solutions to ELAL’s main problems Keeping the Status Quo Solution: On the one hand, if ELAL decides to break the status quo, it can realize its potential market and become equal to its competitors and even create an additional competitive advantage. On the other hand, this delicate issue can create antagonism among religious passengers who are a dominant factor to ELAL. This is a problematic situation which still should be considered in order to maximize ELAL’s profitability. Expending variety of services Solution: ELAL should examine the option of offering this kind of service in order to provide its customers a larger variety of services. For example, ELAL can operate a weekly flight to various destinations according to the low cost policy. By entering such a market, ELAL could enlarge its segment markets. This kind of decision could have a positive effect but also damage ELAL’s reputation. Summary and Conclusions As a small state, Israel does not have many commercial or social icons. Maccabi Tel Aviv, high tech and the Dead Sea are few that could be mentioned. ELAL is another one. As part of the Israeli pathos, ELAL played an important role in Israel’s short history. ELAL has evolved from a national owned company with all that entails (unions, heavy politics, non-profit environment etc. ) to a profitable and role model airline. ELAL determined a strategy based on the evolving and more competitive environment around it and thrives for profit maximization as well as keeping its image as the national airline in Israel. To do the latter, ELAL determined prices, strategic agenda and image by the aforementioned guidelines. The future will tell whether ELAL would be able to deal with the challenges of tightened security, growing competition and ever changing political environment; up to now, it seems to be on the right track. Appendix1 – Boeing | | *Boeing 737 – 700 ; 800| Total in service:  11 ; 2 Range:  4870  km Engines:  C. F. M. Cruising speed:  873kph/Mach 0. 8 Length:  110ft (33. 6m) ; 129ft (39. 5m) Wingspan:  112ft,(34. 5m)  | |   | | Boeing 747 – 200  | Total in service:  1 Cargo Range:  10000 km Engines:  Four Pratt ; Whitney Cruising speed:  917kph/Mach 0. 84 Length:  231ft 11ins,(70. 7m) Wingspan:  195ft 9in,(59. 6m)| | | *Boeing 777 – 200| Total in service:  6 Range:  12670 km Engines:  Rolls Royce Cruising speed:  864kph/Mach 0. 83 Length:  209ft 1ins(63. 7m) Wingspan:  199ft 11ins,(60. 9m)  Ã‚  | |   | | *  Boeing 747 – 400| Total in service:  6 Range:  11860  km Engines:  Four Pratt ; Whitney Cruising speed:  927kph/Mach 0. 85 Length:  231ft 11ins,(70. 7m) Wingspan:  213ft,(64. 9m)  | | | *Boeing 767| Total in service:  8 Range:  10000 km Engines:  Two Pratt ; Whitney Cruising speed:  873kph/Mach 0. 8 Length:  159ft 2ins,(48. 5m) Wingspan:  156ft,(47. 6m)  | |   | | *  Boeing 757  | Total in service:  5 Range:  6100  km Engines:  Two Rolls Royce Cruising speed:  873kph/Mach 0. 8 Length:  155ft 3ins,(47. 3m) Wingspan:  124ft, 10ins,(37. 9m)  | | Appendix2 – Code Sharing Airlines| Destination| | American Airlines – Code Share flights operated by AA from Europe to the USA and flights operated by AA within the USA. To view the list of destinations. |   | Iberia – Flights between Tel-Aviv and Barcelona or How to cite El-Al Marketing Analysis, Papers